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New York Hospital or Old New York Hospital or City Hospital was founded in 1771 with a charter from King George III, and is the second oldest hospital in New York City, and the third oldest in the United States. It was originally located on Broadway between Anthony Street (now Duane Street) and Catherine Street (now Worth Street).〔 In 1821, the hospital opened the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum on Broadway and West 116th Street in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. Due to real estate pressures, it moved to White Plains, New York in 1891,〔Grob, Gerald N. "Bloomingdale Insane Asylum" in , p.135〕 where it eventually became the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, now known as "New York-Presbyterian/Westchester". The Morningside Heights site became part of Columbia University.〔 New York Hospital outgrew its original building by the 1870s, and moved to a new building between Fifth and Sixth Avenues and West 15th and 16th Streets, which opened in 1877. The original facility was maintained as a House of Relief, which moved to Hudson Street in 1884.〔 In 1912, New York Hospital become affiliated with the Cornell University Medical College and moved in 1932 to a joint facility, the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, now the Weill Cornell Medical Center, on York Avenue between East 67th and 68th Streets. In 1998 it merged with Presbyterian Hospital to become New York-Presbyterian Hospital, which has six campuses.〔Lerner, Adele A. "New York Hospital" in , p.920〕 ==History== The origin of the New York Hospital can be traced to the commencement address of Dr. Samuel Bard a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, Professor of the “Practice of Medicine”, delivered to the first two medical doctors to graduate from King’s College (Now Columbia College, Columbia University) in 1769 titled “A discourse upon the duties of a physician, with some sentiments on the usefulness and necessity of a public hospital.” Apparently city leaders also listening to this address were impressed enough to pledge one thousand pounds sterling. Dr. Peter Middleton reported on the progress with furthering this idea in another address to King’s College on November 3, 1769, stating “The necessity and usefulness of a public infirmary has so warmly and pathetically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard… that his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore immediately set on foot a subscription for that purpose to which himself and most of the gentlemen present liberally contributed.” 〔Earle, Pliny, ''History, Description, and Statistics of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane'', Egbert, Hovey and King, Printers, New York, 1843.〕 Soon thereafter the new Governor of the Colony, John, the Earl of Dunmore through the interposition of Lieutenant Governor Cadwallader Colden ” started a fund for the establishment of such a hospital. On June 13, 1771, King George III of England granted a royal charter to establish "The Society of the New York Hospital in the City of New York in America" and a Board of Governors for the "reception of such patients as require medical treatment, chirurgical management and maniacs."〔Bailey, Harriet, Nursing Mental Disease, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1920, p 27.〕 The first regular meeting of the Governors after its organization was held on July 24, 1771 at Bolton’s Tavern, the same location where General Washington would bade farewell to his officers on December 4, 1783.〔Stone, William L., History of New York City from the Discovery to the Present Day, Virtue and Yorston, New York, 1872, p. 231.〕 Present at that first meeting included John Watts, President, as well as Philip Livingston and Gerardus William Beekman.〔Old New York Hospital, The New York Times, February 11, 1900.〕 The Governors purchased (a part of the Rutgers farm) in 1771,on elevated ground surrounded at the time on three sides by marshes.〔 This location was several miles from the central part of New York; apparently the expansion of the city and the drainage of the marshes, which harbored malaria, was anticipated. A building was begun in 1773 but was destroyed by fire before its completion. The American Revolutionary War delayed the work of reconstruction but apparently a partial structure on Broadway and Duane Street served as a barracks for Hessian and British soldiers, as a laboratory for teaching anatomy to medical students, and as a military hospital.〔Kobbe, Gustav, New York and its Environs,Harper and Brothers, Franklin Square, New York, 1891, p. 173.〕 The Hospital was not opened until January 3, 1791.〔Hurd, Henry, editor, The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada, Volume III, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1916, p 111.〕 The small two-storied H-shaped building was located along the west side of Broadway between present day Worth and Duane set back from the street frontage about 90 feet to allow for landscaping and expansion〔New York-Presbyterian Hospital/ Weill Cornell Medical Center (), retrieved March 28, 2011.〕 The Hospital’s first patients were suffering from smallpox, syphilis and acute bipolar disorder. In 1798, the Governors announced that the Hospital was primarily for the purpose of medical treatment, secondly for surgical treatment and thirdly for treatment of “maniacs” (a fourth listed purpose was for “lying-in” woman, post-partum treatment of women) .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New York Hospital」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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